Symbol
a bit 'mistreated in Trieste, the Victory Lighthouse instead, perhaps without the knowledge of themselves Trieste, building a truly unique and record-breaking .
E 'the first single beacon for navigation still running that has the dual role of lighthouse and monument and is also the only one on its top and has a statue and memorial, a colossus of 7 meters and 20 cm, representing a palace over two floors.
The idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding this work appeared in 1918. Originally the lighthouse would have to rise on the coast of Istria, near Pula, but, thanks to the interest of the Navy League, it was decided to build it in the Gulf of Trieste and in a highly symbolic place, on the solid foundations of the round bastion of the former Austrian fort Kressich .
The strong Kressich occupied then Poggio Gretta of 60 meters above sea level and is a cornerstone to protect the city from all dangers that could come from the sea.
Built between 1854 and 1857, was a formidable defensive work: his elevation from the sea made him invulnerable to the blows of the naval guns failing at the time the guns of a ship wake up enough to overcome that difference. Towards the sea opened the massive gates and the washer was positioned main 1, its proof underground bombings, is said to be up to the church of Barcola. From the ground the fort was protected by a wide moat and a drawbridge and a double door system allows access.
The design for the new lighthouse was handed to Trieste Arduino Berlam 2 , who presented several solutions, but all were rejected. To entice even more construction work, the Berlam also gave up its compensation, shall also pay an equal amount of funds in favor of the Lighthouse Committee.
I work for the construction of the lighthouse were funded not only by Berlam and national authorities, including subscriptions from private banks, insurance companies and private citizens.
The difficulties in the choice of the project were presumably due to the monumental aspect of the building and not that of the lighthouse.
What was the need to actually build a lighthouse so gargantuan already high on a hill 60 meters above sea level? Typically, lights are built so high sea, or when you have to overcome natural obstacles, but that there were insurmountable obstacles in the Gulf of Trieste? The distance of the light beam? But the distance is obtained with the power of the lantern, not with the height of the lighthouse. We
in January of 1923, there was just the march on Rome, January 3, 1925 Mussolini announced the grip of dictatorial powers in Italy.
build a monument at that time was to be no mean feat, especially if it was a monument to be dedicated Sailors to Italy, but also a monument celebrating victory in the war of 1915-1918 .
The very first project did not include the statue on the top and the effigy was completely different, a prow of a ship with a figure of a sailor, the hull is supported by two goddesses of victory, but was rejected.
At that stage it could not be political A monument was to be THE monument.
praising a statue of Victory in Europe there were already different, but all of modest height, all but one of the Victory Column, or the Victory Column in Berlin (1873), in Königsplatz, now Piazza della Repubblica, 62.30 meters high . It was necessary to be overtaking the first in Europe and then was allegedly forced to Berlam to build a tower complete with lighthouse and statue height of 68.85 meters well.
After some evaluations, the final design was chosen and work began start contracted in 1923 between the Consortium of Cooperative Ex-Combatants.
The work lasted four years from January 15, 1923 to May 24, 1927 days in which the Victory Lighthouse was inaugurated in the presence of King Vittorio Emanuele III who symbolically lit for the first time on Faro.
On the day of the Little solemnly titled:
THE GREAT LIGHT ON THE WATER THAT I raise TRIESTE LIBERATE
WHY 'BREAK THE DARKNESS AND REMEMBER THE FALLEN GLORIOUS SEA
The article read, among other things:
The lighthouse stands out among all the works of such kind for the intransigence of its monumental character, the practical purpose which it was intended and that it wonderfully fulfilled, does not disrupt the His great harmonious lines.
Built over a hill, opposite the city, the sea port that already free from the tumult there stretches before the infinite, the Lighthouse has beautiful appearance, majestic and domineering, from any point you suddenly comes out of our eyes.
But the accounts were made without the landlord, or even "die Rechnung ohne den Wirt machen!
In 1939 Hitler decided to move the monument to victory at the Berlin Großer Stern and, with the occasion, thought it well to do increase of 7 other feet adding an element to the column and doing the work to reach an overall height of 69.80 meters, 95 centimeters more than the Victory Lighthouse !
What setback for Italy!
E 'likely that the powerful of convening the Berlam to ensure that you invent something to take the first , perhaps replacing the torch with a flag, a rifle, with an oar, with a fishing rod!
It is to imagine hot phones e telescriventi esauste tra Roma e Trieste, ma fu tutto inutile, il Berlam fu irremovibile . Qualche anno più tardi morirà e con lui, a distanza di poco tempo, anche il Mayer , autore della statua, ma sicuramente fu solo una coincidenza.
Scoppiò la Seconda Guerra Mondiale ed il problema faro-monumentale passò in secondo piano.
Il primato rimase ai tedeschi e continua a resistere anche ai giorni nostri.
Ma il Faro della Vittoria , oltre ad essere un monumento, è anche è soprattutto un faro ed anche qui le sorprese non mancano.
Few people know that fact, as a beacon, is height of the building, the second in Italy, the third in Europe and the fourth in the world !
With 68.85 meters above it in Italy only Lanterna (74.98 meters) in Europe also Ile Vierge Lighthouse in Britain (82.50 meters) and out of competition in the world Lighthouse built in 1961 in Yokohama Yamashita Park, with its feet is 106.07, and probably will continue to be for a long time, the tallest lighthouse in the world.
All other lights are present in 5 continenti, sono di statura molto più modesta e sono rarissimi quelli che superano i 50 metri di elevazione.
Basti pensare che il faro più alto degli Stati Uniti è quello di Cape Hatteras (59,74 metri), il più alto dell’Oceania il faro di Cape Wickham , sulla King Island in Tasmania (48 metri), il più alto in Africa è quello di Slangkop Point in Sud Africa (33 metri).
Il Faro della Vittoria si erge poco al di sopra della Strada del Friuli ed è composta da un ampio basamento che incorpora il bastione rotondo dell’ex forte austriaco Kressich .
At the end of
stepped base is marked with a large plaque with the inscription " SHINE AND REMEMBER THE FALLEN ON SEA MCMXV - MCMXVIII " and, above it, is placed a portrait of a sailor scanning the horizon , designed by John Mayer (1863-1943) and carved in stone Vrsar 4 Regulus by Salandini . Between the statue of the sailor , 8.60 meters high, and the plaque is positioned the anchor of the destroyer Daring first Italian ship came to Trieste November 3, 1918 4.
Sopra il terrazzo è posta la lanterna del Faro , circondata da un terrazzo in ferro e chiusa dalla cupola di bronzo decorata a squame.
Sulla cupola svetta la statua also the work of the Winged Victory of John Mayer forged by James Srebot 6 in the foundry as a solitaire, now Via Foschiatti. The statue symbolizes the goddess Nike , bearer of victory, made of copper with an iron, is 7.20 meters high, in the right hand holding a laurel wreath while the left hand raised to heaven the torch of Victory . Its wings . were made so as not to put too much contrast to the bora and the iron core was designed with a particular system of rods and spirals that allow a slight bending of the wings gusts to more impetuous. The fact statue is hollow, as demonstrated by the relatively small weight about 7 tons. Then the wings were perforated to provide even less wind resistance.
The style of the statue, designed and built in the twenties, could be affected by the taste of Futurism and that prevailed in those years and honestly can not say it is a masterpiece of beauty, especially when compared with similar statues all over the world 7.
Al lighthouse itself is accessed by a portal inside the square whose sides are arranged two proiettili della famosa corazzata Viribus Unitis 8 . Dopo anni di chiusura, oggi si può salire, anche con un comodo ascensore o affrontando i suoi 285 gradini , fino alla “coffa” dalla quale si ha una splendida vista di Trieste.
Fin dalla sua attivazione il Faro della Vittoria ha utilizzato l’energia elettrica.
La lanterna di trova ad un'altezza di circa 130 metri sul livello del mare, il corpo luminoso è costituito da un’ ottica rotante che cattura la luce prodotta da una lampadina alogena da 1000 watt attraverso un complesso lens system. The lighthouse has a visibility of 30 nautical miles , about 56 miles in optimal conditions.
The plant, like all the lights of our country is run by the Navy with its own staff.
Each lighthouse sea is characterized by a distinctive series of flashes to allow the viewer to recognize the coast from the sea.
The Victory Lighthouse emits two flashes of white light in rapid succession with an interval between the first and the second in 1.8 seconds, followed by a pause of 7.8 seconds. The entire sequence takes about 10 seconds. La rotazione completa dura 45 secondi e va da est verso ovest.
Nelle giornate di nebbia, al segnale ottico viene associato un radiofaro in onde lunghe che emette un tono continuo sulla frequenza dei 299 khz modulato in ampiezza seguito dalla sigla "RD", ripetuta 2 volte, trasmessa in codice morse, che permetteva di regolare l' antenna radiogoniometrica posta a bordo delle navi in modo da segnalare la direzione di massima ricezione, coincidente con la posizione del faro.
Permetteva appunto, perché oggi ci sono sistemi più moderni e infallibili.
Il Faro della Vittoria continua instancabile a scrutare l’orizzonte ammiccando la notte alle navi ultramoderne che passano al largo e che lo degnano solo di uno sguardo, dotate come sono di radar e navigatore satellitare .
Già, ma questo lui non lo sa.
1. Torre bassa e rotonda, costituita da mura spesse e robuste solitamente posta in posizione angolare.
2. Arduino Berlam (Trieste 1880 – Tricesimo 1946) seguì ben presto le orme del padre Ruggero, noto architetto. Si formò a Milano tra il Politecnico e l'Accademia di Brera e collaborò a lungo con il padre. Operò soprattutto nella home town, signing not only homes and buildings but also monuments (Victory Lighthouse at the mouth of Virgil and plaque Timavo) and the interiors of prestigious vessels Saturnia and volcanoes.
3. Karst caves in the Istrian town of Vrsar, Vrsar today. (Croatia).
4. The Bold was built in the yards of Yarrow Glasgow (Scotland) on order and should have been called Kawakaze Japanese, but was bought by the Navy and entered service in 1916. It was the first unit to enter the port of Trieste November 3, 1918 and docked in the pier, which was called San Carlo Pier, Molo Audace has since become. Transformed into anti-aircraft escort ship in 1942, was captured by the Germans in Venice September 12, 1943 and went into the Kriegsmarine on 21 October renamed TA 20. Committed as a spare in the Adriatic Sea was sunk in combat by the Royal Navy destroyer.
5. Karst caves of the original Doberdò (Gorizia)
6. John or James Sebroth Sebroth workshop in Via Donato Bramante according to other sources.
7. In order: Victoria Memorial (London, UK), Colchester's War Memorial (Colchester, Essex, UK) Siegessäule (Berlin, DE), Faro della Vittoria (Torino), Faro della Vittoria (Trieste)
8. Corazzata dell’Imperial Regia Marina austro-ungarica appartenente alla classe “Tegetthoff” costruita nello Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino e varata nel 1911. All’inizio della guerra riportò a Trieste le spoglie dell’arciduca Francesco Ferdinando ucciso a Sarajevo insieme alla duchessa Sofia.
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